ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืฉึตืื
ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืชืžื™ืจื”


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื”

ืชึฐืžึดื™ืจึธื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืขื‘ืจื™ ื ืฉื™ ื ื“ื™ืจ ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•, ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชืจื”, ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช 'ืชืžื™ืจ' ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” 'ื ืกืชืจ', 'ื—ื‘ื•ื™' ืื• 'ืฉืžื•ืจ'. ื‘ืชื "ืš ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชืืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ ืขืจืš ื”ื ืฉืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ื’ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืื• ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”, ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื”ื ืฉืžืจ ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืกืงืจื ื™ื, ื•ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืชืจื™ื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื. ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื”ืกืชืจื” ื•ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื—ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืฉื™ื. ื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื” ืžื’ืœื ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื - ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืขืœ ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืชื”ื“ืจืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืฉืงื˜. ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืื–ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ 'ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืชืžื™ืจื™ื' - ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืฉืžืจื™ื ื‘ืกืชืจ ื•ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ืจืง ืœืžื™ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืš. ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื•ืฉืืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื” ื ืชืคืกืช ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืจื›ื”. ื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื” ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืช-ืž-ืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ื’ื ืœืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืงืจ. ื”ืื ืื• ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื•ืฉืืช ืฉื ื–ื” ื ืชืคืกืช ื›ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื” ื”ืœืื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ืช. ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืžื“ื™, ืชืžื™ืจื” ืžืฆื™ืข ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืžืจืชืงืช - ืฉื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืง ืจื•ื—ื ื™.

ื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื” ืžื ื•ืงื“

ืชึฐึผืžึดื™ืจึธื”

ื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Tmira | Temira | Tamira

ืชืžื™ืจื” ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืช

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ืœื

ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื” ืžื”ืชื "ืš

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื›ื—:ื– (ื‘ื”ืฉืจืื”) - ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึดึผืกึตึผื ื“ึธื•ึดื“ ื•ึผืžึทืžึฐืœึทื›ึฐืชึผื•ึน ื ึธื›ื•ึนืŸ ืขึทื“ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ื‘ึฐึผืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืœึตื‘ึธื‘ ืฉึธืืœึตื ื•ึฐืชึธืžึดื™ื

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื” ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื” - ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื ืกืชืจืช ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื. ื”ืฉื ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”'ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื•ื–' - ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื ืฉืžืจ ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ืจืง ื“ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื”.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื”

655

=

400

ืช

+

40

ืž

+

10

ื™

+

200

ืจ

+

5

ื”

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื”

7

=

400

ืช

+

40

ืž

+

10

ื™

+

200

ืจ

+

5

ื”

=

655

=

6

+

5

+

5

=

16

=

1

+

6

=

7

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื” ื ืจืฉื

70 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ืชืžื™ืจื”

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ืชืžื™ืจื” โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื