ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืฉึตืื
ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ

ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืขื‘ืจื™ ืขืชื™ืง ื•ืžืจืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช: "ืžืœื›ื™" ื•"ืืœ". ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืžืœื›ื™" ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืœื™, ื‘ืขื•ื“ "ืืœ" ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงืจืื™ื™ื. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื”ื™ื "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื™" ืื• "ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืืœ", ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ื”ื›ืจื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื. ื”ืฉื ืžืฉื“ืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”. ื‘ืชื "ืš, ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื›ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืขื” ืžืฉื‘ื˜ ืืฉืจ, ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืžื ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื–ื”ื• ืฉื ืฉื ืฉื ืื—ื“ ืžืฆืืฆืื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™, ืฉื‘ื˜ ืืฉืจ ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกื ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจื• ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืฉืจ", ื•ื”ืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื–ื”. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืงืจืื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื›ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ืžืžื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช. ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื”ืžืœืืš ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืจื™ ื”ืžืขืœื”, ื•ืฉืžื• ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืจืฆื™. ื”ืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืขืžื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื“ืชื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”, ืฉื ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื”, ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื ืขื” ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ื”ืฉื ื ืฉืžืจ ื›ืฉื ื ื“ื™ืจ ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื”ืžื•ืฉืš ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืžืงืจืื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื•ืฉืื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“, ืขื•ืžืง ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ืงืฉืจ ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืžืกื•ืจืช ื“ืชื™ืช ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช.

ื”ืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ืžื ื•ืงื“

ืžึทืœึฐื›ึดึผื™ืึตืœ

ื”ืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Malkiel | Malchiel | Malkiรซl

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ืœื

ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ืžื”ืชื "ืš

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื•:ื™ื– - ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืขึธื” ื—ึถื‘ึถืจ ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐื›ึดึผื™ืึตืœ

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉืžื• ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืืจืฆื™. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช. ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ

131

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40

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30

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20

ื›

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10

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1

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+

30

ืœ

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ

5

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40

ืž

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30

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20

ื›

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10

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1

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30

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131

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1

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1

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5

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ

ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ - ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ | ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืœืžืŸ - ืจื‘ ื•ื—ื•ืงืจ ืชื•ืจื” | ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ - ืืžืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื ืจืฉื

197 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื