ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืฉึตืื
ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืชื


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื

ื”ืฉื ืชื ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช, ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจ. ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืช-ืž-ื, ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืชื "ืš ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื•, ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื•ืชืžื™ื ืขื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื• ื•ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืชื" ืžืชืืจืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ืœื‘, ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช - ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืจื›ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ืชื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืœื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ืฉืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›"ืื™ืฉ ืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื”ืœื™ื". ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ - ืชืžื™ืžื•ืชื•, ื™ื•ืฉืจื•, ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ืชื• ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ ืจื•ื—. ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืชื" ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืื• ืœืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชื•ืืจ "ืชื" ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื–ื” ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืขื ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืขื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•, ื•ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœืืžืช ื•ืœืฆื“ืง. ื”ืฉื ื”ืคืš ืœืกืžืœ ืœืื•ืชื ืขืจื›ื™ื ื ืขืœื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืืคื” ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ื”ืฉื ืชื ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ื›ื ื•ืช, ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื”ืื“ื ื”ืชื ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชื—ื›ื, ืื™ื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ื–ื•ืœืช. ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืชื•ืš ืœื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื•ืช. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืฉื ืชื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื•ื›ื ื•ืช. ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ืฉื ืชื ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ื–ื ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืฉื ืงืฆืจ, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื”ืฉื ืžืชืื™ื ื’ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงืฃ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช, ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืฉืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.

ื”ืฉื ืชื ืžื ื•ืงื“

ืชึธึผื

ื”ืฉื ืชื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Tam | Tom | Thom

ืชื ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืŸ ื•ื‘ืช

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ืชื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ืœื

ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ืชื ืžื”ืชื "ืš

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”:ื›ื– - ื•ึทื™ึดึผื’ึฐื“ึฐึผืœื•ึผ ื”ึทื ึฐึผืขึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ืึดื™ืฉื ื™ึนื“ึตืขึท ืฆึทื™ึดื“ ืึดื™ืฉื ืฉึธื‚ื“ึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืึดื™ืฉื ืชึธึผื ื™ึนืฉึตืื‘ ืึนื”ึธืœึดื™ื

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืชื ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืฉื ืชื ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™. ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืช-ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช (ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช) ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ืž' ืกื•ืคื™ืช) ื”ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™. ื”ืฉื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืชืคืืจืช, ื”ืžืื–ื ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืกื“ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจื”.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ืชื

440

=

400

ืช

+

40

ื

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ืชื

8

=

400

ืช

+

40

ื

=

440

=

4

+

4

+

0

=

8

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืชื

ืชื ืื”ืจื•ืŸ - ื–ืžืจ ื•ืžืœื—ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ | ืชื ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ื ื™ - ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ | ืชื ืฆื— - ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืฉืžื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืชื

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ืชื ื ืจืฉื

812 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ืชื

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ืชื โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื