ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืฉึตืื
ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืฉืจ


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืจ

ื”ืฉื ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“, ื›ื•ื— ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืชื "ืš ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”. ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืฉืจ" ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ, ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืื• ืœืื“ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืขืžื“ ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ืขืžื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงืฃ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื‘, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื ื›ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ืฉืจ" ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืžืื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ืžืชืืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื: ืฉืจื™ ืฆื‘ื, ืฉืจื™ ืžืžืœื›ื”, ืฉืจื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืจื‘ื”. ื”ืฉื ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข, ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ืฉืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ื’ื ืœืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื— ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ืื“ื ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ื–ื” ื ืชืคืก ื›ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช. ื›ืฉื ืคืจื˜ื™, ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืขืžื• ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”. ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื–ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื—ื–ืง, ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•. ื”ืฉื ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื”, ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืชื ื›ื™ื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช. ื”ืฉื ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืงืฆืจ ื•ื—ื“, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืงืœ ืœื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื™ื”, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ืขืœ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.

ื”ืฉื ืฉืจ ืžื ื•ืงื“

ืฉึทื‚ืจ

ื”ืฉื ืฉืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Sar | Shar | Ssar

ืฉืจ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืŸ ื•ื‘ืช

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ืฉืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ืœื

ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ืฉืจ ืžื”ืชื "ืš

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื:ืžื” - ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธื ืคึทืจึฐืขึนื” ืฉึตืื ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืฆึธืคึฐื ึทืช ืคึทึผืขึฐื ึตื—ึท ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึถึผืŸ ืœื•ึน ืึถืช ืึธืกึฐื ึทืช ื‘ึทึผืช ืคึผื•ึนื˜ึดื™ ืคึถืจึทืข ื›ึนึผื”ึตืŸ ืึนืŸ ืœึฐืึดืฉึธึผืื” ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฆึตื ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืขึทืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืฉืจ ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืฉื ืฉืจ ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืžืžื“ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื›ื•ื— ืคื ื™ืžื™. ื”ืฉื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืืจืช, ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™. ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืืžืช ื•ืฆื“ืง.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ืฉืจ

500

=

300

ืฉ

+

200

ืจ

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ืฉืจ

5

=

300

ืฉ

+

200

ืจ

=

500

=

5

+

0

+

0

=

5

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืฉืจ

ืฉืจ ื™ืืฉื•ื‘ | ืฉืจ ืฉืœื•ื | ืฉืจ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ืฉืจ ื ืจืฉื

252 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ืฉืจ

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ืฉืจ โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื