ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืฉึตืื
ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืื“ืจื™ืื ื”


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื”

ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื ืฉื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ ืขืชื™ืง, ื”ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžื”ืฉื ื”ืจื•ืžื™ 'ืื“ืจื™ืื ื•ืก' (Hadrianus), ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• 'ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื“ืจื™ื”' ืื• 'ืžืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ืจื™ืื˜ื™'. ื”ืฉื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ืจื™ืื˜ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ืœื‘ืœืงืŸ, ื•ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืื•ืคืงื™ื, ืžืกืข ื™ืžื™ ื•ืงืฉืจ ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”. ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืืฆื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื, ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื”ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื“ืจื™ืื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืฉื ืฉื ืฉื ื–ื”. ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ืฉื™ืช ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืฉื ืื”ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืกืคืจื“ ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ื–ื™ืช. ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžืื” ื”-20, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉื ื ืชืคืก ื›ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™, ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืœื™ืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ื•ื ืขื™ื. ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ื ืชืคืกื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ ื—ื–ืง, ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™, ืขื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืจืคืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืงืจ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ืฉื ืžืฉื“ืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืœื‘, ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ื ื˜ื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ืœืงื” ื•ืžืœื•ื“ื™ืช. ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช 'ื', 'ื™' ื•-'ื”' ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืงืฆื‘ ื ืขื™ื ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื’ืœื™ ื™ื ืื• ืชื ื•ืขืช ืจื•ื— ืงืœื”. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ื’ื ืงืฉืจ ืกืžืœื™ ืœืžื™ื - ื”ืŸ ืœื™ื ื”ืื“ืจื™ืื˜ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื”ืŸ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžื”, ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื. ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ื ืชืคืก ื›ืฉื ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืงืกื ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื”. ื”ืฉื ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืฉื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืชื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช.

ื”ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ืžื ื•ืงื“

ืึทื“ึฐืจึดื™ืึธื ึธื”

ื”ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Adriana | Adrianna | Adria

ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืช

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ื›ืŸ

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืžื“ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื. ื”ืฉื ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ - ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ, ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื”.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื”

271

=

1

ื

+

4

ื“

+

200

ืจ

+

10

ื™

+

1

ื

+

50

ื 

+

5

ื”

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื”

1

=

1

ื

+

4

ื“

+

200

ืจ

+

10

ื™

+

1

ื

+

50

ื 

+

5

ื”

=

271

=

2

+

7

+

1

=

10

=

1

+

0

=

1

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื”

ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ืœื™ืžื” - ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช | ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ื‘ืืจื–ื” - ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ืื ื™ืช | ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ืงืจืžื‘ื• - ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ืช | ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ืื•ื’ืืจื˜ื” - ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช

ืฉืžื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืื“ืจื™ืื ื”

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” ื ืจืฉื

62 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ืื“ืจื™ืื ื”

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ืื“ืจื™ืื ื” โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื