ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
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ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืื’ืช


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืื’ืช

ืื’ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืขื‘ืจื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื. ื”ืื’ืช ื”ื™ื ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืงืจืช ืขืจืš ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืงื•ื•ืจืฅ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื•ืชื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช - ื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ื•ื ื™ ืื“ื•ื, ื›ืชื•ื ื•ื—ื•ื, ื“ืจืš ื™ืจื•ืง, ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืกื’ื•ืœ, ื•ืขื“ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืืคื•ืจ. ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืกื™ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื” ืžืจืื” ืืžื ื•ืชื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืœื•. ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื’ืช ืขื ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืชื "ืš ื›ืื—ืช ืžืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื ื›ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื. ื”ืฉื ืขืฆืžื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช "ืื›ื˜ืก" (Achates), ืฉืฉืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื ื ื”ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื ืžืฆืื• ืื‘ื ื™ ืื’ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”. ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื™ื, ื”ืฉื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื’ื ืœืžื™ืœื” "ืื’ืืชื•ืก" ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” "ื˜ื•ื‘" ืื• "ืžืื•ืฉืจ", ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืฉื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ืื•ืฉืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™. ื›ืฉื ืคืจื˜ื™, ืื’ืช ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™, ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื‘ื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ืŸ ืขืฆืžื”, ื”ืฉื ืžืกืžืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืขื•ืžืง ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืื’ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ืœืื‘ืŸ ืžื’ืŸ, ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ื›ื•ื—, ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืจื’ืฉื™ ื•ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื›ืงืžืข ืœืžื–ืœ ื•ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ื•ื™ื•ื—ืกื• ืœู‡ุง ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ืคื•ื™, ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื”ื‘ืืช ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืื’ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืง, ืžืื•ื–ืŸ, ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ืช ืคื ื™ื. ื”ืฉื ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืฉื ื ื“ื™ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ืฉื ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข, ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช, ื•ืœืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืฉืžืข ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื•ืจืขื ืŸ. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ืื’ืช ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื, ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืฉื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ืื—ื“, ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืคื•ืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉื ื ืฉื™. ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ืจืš ื•ื”ืžืœื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืงืฆืจื• ื•ืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืœื–ื›ื™ืจื”. ืื’ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืฉื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ื ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช. ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื™ื•ืคื™ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืื’ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช. ื”ืฉื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื›ืžื• ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืงืจื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืง ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื›ืš ื’ื ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืขืจืš ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืขืฆื•ื, ื”ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื.

ื”ืฉื ืื’ืช ืžื ื•ืงื“

ืึธื’ึธืช

ื”ืฉื ืื’ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Agat | Agate | Agata

ืื’ืช ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืŸ ื•ื‘ืช

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ืื’ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ื›ืŸ

ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ืื’ืช ืžื”ืชื "ืš

ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืดื”:ื–ืณ - ื•ึฐืึถืชึพืึทื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึนึผืื”ึทื ื•ึฐืึตืช ืึทื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึดึผืœึปึผืึดื™ื ืœึธืึตืคึนื“ ื•ึฐืœึทื—ึนืฉึถืืŸ

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืื’ืช ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืื’ืช ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื”ืคืกื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื”, ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ื•ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ืื’ืช

404

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400

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ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ืื’ืช

8

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1

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400

ืช

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404

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4

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8

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืื’ืช

ืื’ืช ืœื•ื™ - ืืžื ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช | ืื’ืช ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ - ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื

ืฉืžื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืื’ืช

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ืื’ืช ื ืจืฉื

61 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ืื’ืช

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ืื’ืช โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื