ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืฉึตืื
ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ื ื•ืฃ


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ

ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืื•ืคืง ื”ืจื—ื•ืง, ื•ืืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื ืคืจืฉืช ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืฉืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืœื ื•ืฃ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•, ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื ื•ืฃ' ืžืชืืจืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืคื ื•ืจืžื™ืช, ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืžื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื”ื“ืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืจื—ื‘ื”, ืขืœ ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ืืœ ื”ืžืจื—ืงื™ื. ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืžืจื’ืฉ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื›'ื™ืคื” ื ื•ืฃ ืžืฉื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ', ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื•ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ื ื•ืฃ' ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืจื™ - ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืžืงื•ื ืคื™ื–ื™, ืืœื ื ื•ืฃ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื ืคืฉื™, ืžืจืื” ืฉืžืฉืžื— ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืžืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื”. ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™, ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช. ื›ืฉื ืื™ืฉื™, ื ื•ืฃ ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืคื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืจืขื ืŸ. ื–ื”ื• ืฉื ืงืฆืจ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื™ืชื•, ืืš ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื“ืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ, ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืฉืœ ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื. ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ ื ืชืคืกื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืคื™ ืคืชื•ื—, ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื. ื”ืฉื ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื™ืœื“ื ืฉื ืฉืžืฉืงืฃ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืืœื”. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืงืจืื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ, ืืš ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื”.

ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ ืžื ื•ืงื“

ื ื•ึนืฃ

ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Nof | Noff

ื ื•ืฃ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืŸ ื•ื‘ืช

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ืœื

ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ ืžื”ืชื "ืš

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืžื—:ื’ - ื™ึฐืคึตื” ื ื•ึนืฃ ืžึฐืฉื‚ื•ึนืฉื‚ ื›ึธึผืœึพื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทืจึพืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื™, ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืืœ ื”ืžืžื“ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืŸ, ืืœื ื’ื ืžื” ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ืœืœื‘ ื•ืœื ืฉืžื”. ื”ืฉื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื” - ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืœืžื”, ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ื ื•ืฃ

136

=

50

ื 

+

6

ื•

+

80

ืฃ

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ื ื•ืฃ

1

=

50

ื 

+

6

ื•

+

80

ืฃ

=

136

=

1

+

3

+

6

=

10

=

1

+

0

=

1

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ

ื ื•ืฃ ืขื˜ืจื™ - ื–ืžืจืช ื•ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช | ื ื•ืฃ ืงื™ืจืœ - ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช

ืฉืžื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื•ืฃ

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ ื ืจืฉื

404 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฃ

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ื ื•ืฃ โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื